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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

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Table C14. Electricity consumption and expenditure intensities, 2012

Released: May 2016

Electricity consumption  
Distribution of
building-level intensities
(kWh/square foot)		 Electricity expenditures
  per
building
(thousand
kWh)		 per
square
foot
(kWh)		 per
worker
(thousand
kWh)		 25th
per-
centile		 Median 75th
per-
centile		 per
building
(thousand
dollars)		 per
square
foot
(dollars)		 per
kwh
(dollars)
All buildings 237 14.6 14.1 3.8 8.7 17.2 23.3 1.44 0.098
Building floorspace (square feet)                  
1,001 to 5,000 51 17.4 12.8 4.0 9.0 19.4 5.3 1.82 0.105
5,001 to 10,000 97 13.3 12.3 3.7 7.8 14.9 10.2 1.41 0.106
10,001 to 25,000 187 11.7 11.2 3.2 7.7 16.0 19.6 1.23 0.105
25,001 to 50,000 457 12.8 13.1 4.2 9.6 16.7 44.7 1.25 0.098
50,001 to 100,000 985 14.1 15.5 6.0 10.7 16.6 94.9 1.36 0.096
100,001 to 200,000 2,115 15.3 16.8 6.9 13.7 19.6 195.2 1.42 0.092
200,001 to 500,000 4,808 16.9 17.4 7.7 13.6 22.1 445.6 1.57 0.093
Over 500,000 16,362 18.4 14.1 10.1 15.1 22.6 1558.7 1.76 0.095
Principal building activity                  
Education 345 11.0 12.3 5.6 9.0 13.7 33.2 1.05 0.096
Food sales 345 48.7 52.0 35.0 54.8 81.4 32.4 4.57 0.094
Food service 215 44.9 23.8 18.9 38.4 73.2 21.3 4.44 0.099
Health care 683 25.8 14.1 7.0 13.1 19.2 61.2 2.31 0.090
Inpatient 7,687 31.0 17.2 20.5 32.7 43.9 671.8 2.71 0.087
Outpatient 227 18.7 10.0 6.3 12.8 19.0 21.4 1.77 0.094
Lodging 565 15.3 29.1 8.4 13.5 19.5 53.8 1.46 0.095
Mercantile 345 18.3 22.7 6.2 13.0 21.8 33.4 1.77 0.097
Retail (other than mall) 189 15.2 20.5 4.9 9.7 18.8 18.7 1.50 0.099
Enclosed and strip malls 757 21.1 24.4 13.8 19.5 27.8 72.4 2.02 0.096
Office 250 15.9 7.5 6.0 9.9 15.8 25.9 1.64 0.104
Public assembly 229 14.5 25.9 3.5 7.7 14.6 22.4 1.42 0.098
Public order and safety 255 14.9 11.5 3.9 9.1 16.2 24.3 1.42 0.095
Religious worship 58 5.2 12.2 2.2 3.5 5.7 6.1 0.55 0.106
Service 62 8.3 9.3 3.4 6.5 12.0 6.8 0.91 0.110
Warehouse and storage 123 6.6 13.2 1.6 3.7 7.5 12.5 0.67 0.101
Other 455 28.3 34.7 2.6 6.6 25.1 41.1 2.56 0.090
Vacant 66 4.5 32.7 0.8 1.6 3.6 7.0 0.48 0.105
Year constructed                  
Before 1920 95 8.4 9.6 2.1 4.6 12.2 10.4 0.92 0.110
1920 to 1945 140 10.9 10.7 2.7 6.3 13.0 15.9 1.24 0.113
1946 to 1959 153 11.8 12.9 3.5 8.2 15.6 15.3 1.17 0.100
1960 to 1969 241 14.4 15.0 4.6 9.0 16.8 23.5 1.40 0.097
1970 to 1979 262 16.2 13.6 4.2 9.0 18.5 24.6 1.52 0.094
1980 to 1989 273 15.8 13.4 4.3 9.1 17.9 26.7 1.54 0.098
1990 to 1999 279 16.2 15.9 4.4 9.6 19.6 26.9 1.56 0.096
2000 to 2003 301 15.5 14.9 4.3 10.3 18.6 28.8 1.48 0.096
2004 to 2007 284 14.9 16.2 4.7 10.1 19.5 28.1 1.47 0.099
2008 to 2012 301 15.7 16.1 4.1 8.2 16.8 29.5 1.54 0.098
Census region and division                  
Northeast 286 14.4 12.4 3.2 7.4 16.0 32.6 1.64 0.114
New England 177 12.1 12.1 2.9 6.5 15.0 22.8 1.55 0.129
Middle Atlantic 350 15.3 12.5 3.4 8.0 16.7 38.4 1.68 0.110
Midwest 213 13.4 14.5 3.2 7.8 14.8 18.5 1.17 0.087
East North Central 247 13.9 14.6 3.6 8.4 16.7 22.2 1.25 0.090
West North Central 161 12.5 14.1 2.5 6.4 13.0 13.0 1.00 0.081
South 254 16.1 16.3 4.7 10.1 19.4 22.8 1.44 0.090
South Atlantic 281 16.3 15.9 5.0 10.7 21.4 26.7 1.55 0.095
East South Central 200 14.6 16.4 4.8 10.3 18.9 17.6 1.29 0.088
West South Central 243 16.3 16.9 4.3 9.7 17.7 19.7 1.32 0.081
West 201 13.5 11.9 4.1 7.9 15.9 22.8 1.53 0.113
Mountain 212 13.9 14.6 3.9 7.3 17.2 19.7 1.29 0.093
Pacific 197 13.3 11.1 4.2 8.2 15.5 23.9 1.62 0.121
Climate region1                  
Very cold/Cold 217 13.4 13.6 3.1 7.5 15.0 20.8 1.28 0.096
Mixed-humid 254 15.2 14.5 4.1 9.5 17.7 24.1 1.44 0.095
Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 193 13.0 11.7 4.0 7.4 14.5 23.2 1.56 0.120
Hot-humid 298 18.4 17.6 5.7 13.3 22.6 27.2 1.68 0.091
Marine 256 14.6 11.2 4.7 9.1 17.3 28.4 1.62 0.111
Number of floors                  
One 153 14.3 15.6 3.9 8.7 18.1 15.2 1.42 0.099
Two 230 13.0 13.1 3.7 8.2 15.1 22.5 1.27 0.098
Three 300 13.5 14.0 3.6 8.9 16.1 30.2 1.36 0.101
Four to nine 1,321 17.2 14.2 5.1 11.4 16.8 122.6 1.60 0.093
Ten or more 7,851 18.3 10.5 11.6 15.7 21.8 806.2 1.88 0.103
Elevators and escalators
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any elevators 1,343 16.9 13.5 7.4 13.1 19.6 128.1 1.61 0.095
Number of elevators                  
One 546 13.2 12.9 5.7 11.7 17.6 51.1 1.23 0.093
Two to five 1,906 17.5 14.4 9.2 14.6 22.0 180.3 1.66 0.095
Six or more 10,641 21.0 12.9 13.0 18.9 26.3 1042.8 2.05 0.098
Any escalators 6,854 18.2 13.7 10.8 19.1 20.7 651.8 1.73 0.095
Number of workers (main shift)                  
Fewer than 5 52 8.6 26.7 2.6 5.9 13.2 5.4 0.89 0.103
5 to 9 103 12.5 16.0 5.0 9.5 17.5 10.7 1.30 0.104
10 to 19 181 13.7 14.0 6.3 12.0 22.0 18.5 1.41 0.103
20 to 49 429 15.1 14.8 6.7 12.1 21.3 41.4 1.46 0.097
50 to 99 1,042 15.9 15.9 8.7 14.4 21.4 97.7 1.49 0.094
100 to 249 1,984 16.9 13.9 10.5 15.7 24.3 188.7 1.61 0.095
250 or more 6,634 20.8 9.9 12.9 18.3 27.4 645.3 2.03 0.097
Weekly operating hours                  
Fewer than 40 37 5.3 10.6 1.5 3.3 7.3 4.0 0.57 0.107
40 to 48 117 9.8 8.8 4.2 7.5 12.6 12.1 1.02 0.104
49 to 60 194 11.7 9.6 4.7 8.7 14.7 19.9 1.20 0.103
61 to 84 335 15.8 14.9 7.4 14.9 26.6 33.9 1.60 0.101
85 to 167 429 21.4 24.7 13.0 28.8 56.5 40.6 2.02 0.095
Open continuously 691 21.5 20.6 4.8 13.4 26.8 63.2 1.97 0.091
Ownership and occupancy                  
Nongovernment owned 220 15.1 14.4 3.6 8.5 17.6 21.8 1.49 0.099
Owner occupied 190 15.0 17.6 3.4 7.9 16.4 18.1 1.43 0.095
Leased to tenant(s) 238 15.4 12.4 4.4 10.0 20.0 24.5 1.59 0.103
Owner occupied and leased 385 15.0 12.5 4.3 8.7 15.7 38.3 1.49 0.099
Unoccupied 26 2.5 N 0.8 1.7 2.3 2.9 0.28 0.112
Government owned 338 13.3 13.0 5.6 9.7 15.5 32.0 1.26 0.095
Federal 689 14.4 10.6 6.4 11.6 17.1 68.1 1.43 0.099
State 440 14.6 14.5 6.3 10.3 17.0 39.5 1.31 0.090
Local 282 12.5 12.7 5.5 9.5 15.3 27.3 1.21 0.097
Party responsible for operation
and maintenance of energy
systems		                  
Building owner 233 14.4 13.8 3.7 8.3 16.0 22.6 1.39 0.097
Business owner or tenant 258 16.3 16.3 5.1 11.5 22.7 26.4 1.67 0.102
Property management 350 14.8 10.5 3.9 8.5 20.2 35.9 1.52 0.103
Other 213 16.2 15.5 5.5 10.8 19.8 22.8 1.74 0.107
Provider of direct input on energy-
related equipment purchases		                  
Building owner 232 14.3 13.8 3.7 8.4 16.1 22.7 1.40 0.097
Business owner or tenant 269 17.4 16.5 5.2 11.7 25.9 27.2 1.76 0.101
Property management 344 13.5 12.4 4.7 13.9 25.1 37.8 1.48 0.110
Other 262 16.4 15.5 5.1 10.7 20.0 26.3 1.64 0.100
Number of establishments                  
One 190 14.3 14.9 3.8 8.6 17.1 18.5 1.39 0.097
2 to 5 288 14.0 13.1 4.4 9.2 17.3 28.6 1.39 0.099
6 to 10 520 16.3 12.0 5.4 12.8 18.2 51.4 1.61 0.099
11 to 20 1,033 18.6 13.0 7.4 13.6 19.3 105.3 1.90 0.102
More than 20 4,079 20.1 12.6 12.2 16.9 20.2 401.1 1.98 0.098
Currently unoccupied 26 2.2 N 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.9 0.25 0.111
Predominant exterior wall material                  
Brick, stone, or stucco 269 15.1 14.3 4.6 10.0 19.6 26.4 1.47 0.098
Concrete (block or poured) 300 15.8 16.0 4.8 9.6 19.8 29.2 1.54 0.097
Concrete panels 601 14.3 12.7 4.0 8.9 15.9 58.3 1.38 0.097
Siding or shingles 85 12.8 11.9 3.4 8.3 16.4 9.2 1.39 0.109
Metal panels 96 9.8 13.8 2.4 5.3 10.5 9.1 0.93 0.095
Window glass 1,838 23.4 11.8 7.4 15.2 28.8 175.8 2.24 0.096
Other 369 16.0 16.3 2.9 9.5 17.2 37.1 1.62 0.101
No one major type 362 13.1 Q 3.0 7.2 16.4 36.1 1.31 0.100
Predominant roof material                  
Metal surfacing 112 11.2 14.1 2.8 6.5 13.8 10.9 1.09 0.097
Synthetic or rubber 474 16.5 15.3 5.1 10.3 21.3 45.4 1.58 0.096
Built-up 427 15.8 14.0 5.2 10.0 19.1 41.2 1.53 0.097
Slate or tile shingles 154 13.9 13.9 4.4 10.0 20.4 16.6 1.50 0.108
Wooden materials (including
shingles)		 94 12.5 13.9 3.4 10.1 25.2 10.3 1.36 0.109
Asphalt, fiberglass, or
other shingles		 138 13.4 12.1 4.1 8.8 16.4 14.1 1.36 0.102
Concrete 595 18.9 14.4 6.5 15.7 26.0 59.1 1.88 0.099
Other 451 15.8 18.8 5.1 13.2 16.4 44.0 1.54 0.098
No one major type 292 8.0 15.8 1.7 4.0 13.2 30.9 0.85 0.106
Roof characteristics                  
Roof tilt                  
Flat 427 16.4 14.0 5.3 11.2 22.0 41.3 1.59 0.097
Shallow pitch 150 13.0 15.3 3.5 7.7 15.4 14.8 1.28 0.099
Steeper pitch 106 11.1 12.7 3.1 7.2 14.2 11.0 1.15 0.103
Cool roof 452 16.8 15.0 5.2 10.2 21.1 43.4 1.61 0.096
Renovations in buildings
constructed before 2008
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any type of renovation 317 15.5 14.0 4.4 9.5 17.8 30.8 1.50 0.097
Addition or annex 466 15.8 16.4 5.1 9.8 18.5 43.1 1.46 0.093
Reduction in floorspace 542 20.5 13.8 4.9 13.1 23.0 48.2 1.83 0.089
Roof replacement 345 15.9 14.4 4.2 9.0 17.2 32.9 1.52 0.096
Exterior wall replacement 374 16.6 15.4 3.7 8.5 17.4 34.7 1.54 0.093
Interior wall reconfiguration 406 16.8 12.9 5.0 9.8 17.9 39.3 1.62 0.097
Window replacement 316 14.4 12.5 4.0 8.8 15.8 31.3 1.42 0.099
HVAC equipment upgrade 399 16.2 14.4 4.5 9.8 18.2 38.6 1.57 0.097
Lighting upgrade 423 16.1 14.5 5.0 10.2 19.5 40.8 1.55 0.096
Electrical upgrade 359 16.4 14.9 4.4 8.8 17.9 34.8 1.60 0.097
Plumbing system upgrade 350 16.1 13.8 4.6 9.7 18.1 34.7 1.60 0.099
Insulation upgrade 332 16.6 15.0 3.9 8.5 16.0 31.1 1.56 0.093
Fire, safety, or security upgrade 462 16.4 14.1 5.4 10.0 19.0 45.2 1.61 0.098
Structural upgrade 458 17.6 18.5 4.2 9.4 16.5 42.8 1.65 0.094
Other 331 15.3 12.8 2.5 9.1 25.1 34.1 1.57 0.103
No renovations 175 13.6 14.0 3.6 8.1 16.7 17.4 1.35 0.099
Buildings constructed 2008 or later 301 15.7 16.1 4.1 8.2 16.8 29.5 1.54 0.098
Energy sources
(more than one may apply)		                  
Electricity 237 14.6 14.1 3.8 8.7 17.2 23.3 1.44 0.098
Natural gas 308 15.4 14.5 4.6 9.5 18.5 30.0 1.50 0.097
Fuel oil 818 18.9 14.9 3.6 9.4 20.2 77.9 1.80 0.095
District heat 2,165 17.3 12.6 7.7 14.1 20.2 204.1 1.63 0.094
District chilled water 1,585 18.6 14.9 7.8 12.9 16.5 134.9 1.58 0.085
Propane 218 14.4 18.7 3.0 6.4 15.0 21.3 1.41 0.098
Other 298 13.1 13.2 3.6 7.2 13.1 30.9 1.36 0.104
Space-heating energy sources                  
Electricity 271 15.8 14.4 5.2 10.2 19.6 26.1 1.52 0.096
Electricity main 242 16.8 15.2 5.6 10.8 21.3 23.1 1.61 0.096
Electricity secondary 322 14.7 13.4 4.7 9.3 16.7 31.4 1.43 0.097
Other excluding electricity 228 13.7 13.3 3.4 7.5 14.7 22.6 1.35 0.099
Buildings without heating 87 9.4 18.1 1.1 3.7 11.7 10.0 1.08 0.115
Primary space-heating
energy source		                  
Electricity 242 16.8 15.2 5.6 10.8 21.3 23.1 1.61 0.096
Natural gas 263 14.2 13.7 4.2 8.8 16.4 26.0 1.40 0.099
Fuel oil 115 9.3 11.8 2.7 4.7 12.9 12.6 1.02 0.109
District heat 2,144 17.4 12.6 7.7 14.1 20.2 202.8 1.65 0.095
Propane 68 9.2 12.1 2.2 4.6 9.7 6.2 0.84 0.091
Other 73 8.0 9.0 4.0 5.9 12.7 8.3 0.90 0.113
Cooling energy sources                  
Electricity 263 15.2 14.1 4.9 9.9 19.0 25.8 1.50 0.098
Other excluding electricity 1,170 17.3 16.1 7.4 10.9 15.6 97.8 1.45 0.084
Buildings without cooling 35 4.9 11.7 0.9 2.7 6.2 4.0 0.56 0.113
Water-heating energy sources                  
Electricity 244 15.2 13.9 4.7 9.8 18.4 23.8 1.48 0.097
Other excluding electricity 318 15.5 14.5 4.7 9.8 19.8 31.1 1.51 0.098
Buildings without water heating 41 5.7 12.5 1.2 3.7 9.0 4.7 0.65 0.114
Cooking energy sources                  
Electricity 449 18.0 16.6 5.0 12.3 28.0 42.8 1.72 0.095
Other excluding electricity 427 18.4 17.8 5.4 14.8 34.0 41.6 1.80 0.097
Buildings without cooking 149 11.7 11.6 3.5 7.5 14.1 15.0 1.18 0.101
Energy end uses
(more than one may apply)		                  
Buildings with space heating 254 15.0 14.0 4.4 9.2 17.5 24.7 1.46 0.097
Buildings with cooling 272 15.3 14.2 4.9 9.9 18.8 26.6 1.50 0.098
Buildings with water heating 273 15.3 14.2 4.7 9.8 18.9 26.7 1.49 0.098
Buildings with cooking 441 18.2 17.0 5.1 13.2 30.9 42.3 1.74 0.096
Buildings with manufacturing 258 13.2 13.3 3.4 6.3 16.4 25.7 1.31 0.100
Buildings with electricity
generation		 1,195 19.1 15.8 7.2 14.0 24.5 112.4 1.80 0.094
Percent of floorspace heated                  
Not heated 87 9.4 18.1 1.1 3.7 11.7 10.0 1.08 0.115
1 to 50 141 9.7 15.3 2.7 5.1 10.4 14.9 1.02 0.106
51 to 99 323 16.0 15.0 4.4 9.2 18.4 32.5 1.61 0.101
100 263 15.7 13.6 5.0 10.0 18.6 25.1 1.50 0.096
Percent of floorspace cooled                  
Not cooled 35 4.9 11.7 0.9 2.7 6.2 4.0 0.56 0.113
1 to 50 130 8.1 12.1 3.3 6.1 11.3 13.7 0.85 0.105
51 to 99 425 16.8 15.1 5.8 11.3 20.7 42.1 1.66 0.099
100 285 18.1 14.2 6.0 12.0 22.0 27.2 1.72 0.095
Percent lit when open                  
Zero 15 3.1 Q 0.6 2.4 3.7 1.7 0.37 0.116
1 to 50 104 9.0 16.9 2.7 5.7 11.9 10.3 0.90 0.100
51 to 99 315 15.1 14.4 5.0 10.2 18.4 31.0 1.48 0.098
100 270 16.8 13.4 5.1 10.2 20.8 26.3 1.64 0.097
Building never open/electricity
not used		 18 2.3 Q 0.3 1.0 2.3 1.9 0.25 0.108
Percent lit during off hours                  
Zero 93 9.4 10.0 2.6 5.9 11.8 10.2 1.02 0.109
1 to 50 321 15.4 14.4 5.7 11.1 20.8 31.1 1.50 0.097
51 to 100 817 23.8 21.1 10.8 16.4 42.6 73.5 2.14 0.090
Building always open with
no "off hours"		 610 25.5 24.2 3.7 19.3 64.5 56.4 2.36 0.093
Electricity not used N N N N N N N N N
Heating equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Heat pumps 286 15.2 13.5 5.9 10.3 18.8 28.0 1.48 0.098
Furnaces 141 12.3 12.4 4.2 8.8 15.7 13.8 1.20 0.098
Individual space heaters 218 13.1 14.0 3.5 7.3 13.1 21.4 1.29 0.098
District heat 2,152 17.3 12.6 7.7 14.1 20.2 203.0 1.63 0.094
Boilers 645 15.6 13.9 4.0 9.1 16.0 62.8 1.52 0.097
Packaged heating units 275 15.7 15.1 4.7 10.0 19.6 26.5 1.51 0.096
Other 640 24.4 31.9 5.1 12.4 34.1 56.2 2.14 0.088
Cooling equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Residential-type central air
conditioners		 121 12.6 12.3 4.3 8.9 17.0 12.4 1.30 0.103
Heat pumps 273 15.1 13.2 6.1 10.3 19.2 26.6 1.47 0.098
Individual air conditioners 226 12.9 13.0 3.8 8.0 14.8 23.2 1.32 0.103
District chilled water 1,585 18.6 14.9 7.8 12.9 16.5 134.9 1.58 0.085
Central chillers 2,016 19.3 15.0 9.0 15.0 23.0 189.3 1.81 0.094
Packaged air conditioning units 381 16.1 15.5 5.6 12.0 22.6 37.2 1.57 0.098
Swamp coolers 262 15.0 16.4 5.2 9.5 30.5 27.1 1.54 0.103
Other Q 28.7 19.8 2.7 5.7 14.2 Q 2.70 0.094
Main equipment replaced since
1990 (more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 207 14.1 13.5 4.4 9.1 17.5 20.4 1.39 0.099
Cooling 226 14.5 13.3 4.8 9.8 18.7 22.6 1.45 0.100
Water-heating equipment                  
Centralized system 217 15.3 14.5 4.6 9.7 19.0 21.2 1.49 0.097
Distributed system 229 12.4 11.1 4.4 8.3 15.0 23.9 1.30 0.104
Combination of centralized and
distributed system		 841 17.2 15.4 6.6 13.7 22.6 79.8 1.63 0.095
Lighting equipment types
(more than one may apply)		                  
Incandescent 335 15.9 14.7 4.1 9.4 18.5 31.8 1.51 0.095
Standard fluorescent 258 15.0 14.0 4.5 9.3 18.0 25.2 1.46 0.098
Compact fluorescent 386 16.5 14.8 5.0 10.6 20.5 37.2 1.59 0.096
High-intensity discharge (HID) 727 16.3 16.0 5.3 10.8 20.0 69.0 1.55 0.095
Halogen 529 17.0 15.7 5.5 11.1 20.8 50.8 1.64 0.096
LED 877 18.8 16.0 8.1 14.7 26.0 84.6 1.81 0.096
Other 965 21.4 17.2 18.4 24.6 42.7 88.9 1.97 0.092
Refrigeration equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Any refrigeration 289 15.6 14.6 4.7 10.0 19.5 28.1 1.52 0.097
Walk-in units 747 21.4 19.5 14.5 28.5 57.4 70.8 2.03 0.095
Cases or cabinets 636 20.3 18.5 10.3 22.4 43.6 61.1 1.95 0.096
Large cold storage areas 1,253 23.5 26.5 16.4 27.8 52.6 115.9 2.17 0.092
Commercial ice makers 772 19.9 17.9 11.0 20.8 43.2 72.2 1.86 0.093
Residential-type or compact units 269 14.6 13.5 4.4 9.1 16.3 26.2 1.42 0.097
Vending machines 773 16.9 14.9 7.4 13.0 21.5 73.2 1.60 0.095
No refrigeration 75 8.3 10.2 2.0 5.1 11.0 8.1 0.90 0.108
Office equipment
(more than one may apply)		                  
Desktop computers 296 15.3 14.0 5.1 10.0 18.7 28.9 1.49 0.098
With flat screen monitors 303 15.3 13.9 5.2 10.0 18.8 29.6 1.49 0.098
With multiple monitors 574 16.9 12.1 6.1 11.1 19.4 55.3 1.63 0.096
Laptop computers 355 15.2 13.2 5.1 9.7 17.5 34.5 1.48 0.097
Dedicated servers 497 16.3 13.7 6.3 11.5 19.9 48.1 1.57 0.097
Laser printers 366 15.8 13.5 5.5 10.4 19.0 35.5 1.53 0.097
Inkjet printers 239 14.5 13.9 4.8 9.4 18.3 23.9 1.44 0.100
FAX machines 323 15.4 14.0 5.2 10.1 18.7 31.5 1.50 0.097
Photocopiers 420 15.3 13.3 5.3 10.0 17.1 40.8 1.49 0.097
Number of desktop computers                  
None 52 8.4 17.3 1.5 4.2 11.5 5.5 0.89 0.106
1 to 4 101 13.1 18.1 4.0 8.1 18.6 10.2 1.33 0.102
5 to 9 163 14.2 13.9 5.7 9.8 17.4 16.0 1.40 0.098
10 to 19 268 13.8 14.9 6.6 11.1 17.6 27.4 1.41 0.102
20 to 49 592 16.0 16.4 8.2 14.2 21.2 56.6 1.53 0.096
50 to 99 834 14.4 12.9 6.9 11.9 19.3 82.0 1.42 0.098
100 to 249 1,734 16.4 12.8 8.1 13.2 19.0 159.3 1.51 0.092
250 or more 4,957 19.2 10.9 10.2 14.8 23.0 478.1 1.85 0.096
Number of laptop computers                  
None 110 12.9 18.6 2.7 7.1 16.6 11.1 1.30 0.101
1 to 4 140 12.9 15.4 4.6 8.7 16.7 13.9 1.28 0.099
5 to 9 361 15.1 14.2 6.7 10.7 17.5 34.4 1.44 0.095
10 to 19 720 15.6 14.1 8.0 12.5 18.8 71.1 1.54 0.099
20 to 49 1,072 16.0 13.2 7.4 13.1 19.3 102.6 1.53 0.096
50 to 99 1,485 16.3 10.4 8.3 12.5 17.7 146.5 1.61 0.099
100 to 249 2,610 17.3 13.7 7.0 10.8 16.7 239.0 1.58 0.092
250 or more 5,521 19.7 10.0 11.0 16.1 25.0 542.6 1.93 0.098
Number of dedicated servers                  
None 107 11.9 15.2 3.0 7.1 15.0 10.9 1.20 0.101
1 to 4 318 14.6 14.5 6.1 11.1 19.2 31.1 1.42 0.098
5 to 9 1,037 16.1 12.8 6.6 13.1 23.3 98.7 1.53 0.095
10 to 19 2,174 19.1 14.5 9.9 17.0 25.3 210.7 1.85 0.097
20 to 49 2,752 18.7 10.5 10.8 17.1 26.8 256.4 1.74 0.093
50 or more 6,996 25.8 13.1 13.5 20.5 34.1 670.6 2.47 0.096
Number of photocopiers                  
None 109 13.1 17.1 3.1 7.4 17.2 10.9 1.31 0.100
One 162 12.6 16.1 4.5 8.8 15.0 16.0 1.24 0.099
2 to 4 452 14.4 13.6 7.1 11.4 19.6 44.1 1.41 0.098
5 to 9 1,248 16.3 13.7 7.4 13.0 20.4 116.4 1.52 0.093
10 or more 3,446 19.7 11.1 11.1 14.9 23.3 336.1 1.92 0.098
Number of TVs or video displays                  
None 93 10.1 12.6 2.6 6.0 12.8 9.7 1.05 0.104
One 105 12.1 12.0 4.1 9.1 16.7 10.4 1.19 0.099
2 to 4 228 14.3 13.3 5.6 10.7 20.8 23.3 1.46 0.102
5 to 9 477 18.4 14.9 8.5 15.0 28.1 46.0 1.78 0.096
10 to 19 953 18.0 14.2 9.9 16.2 28.5 87.3 1.64 0.092
20 to 49 1,318 17.3 15.6 9.4 15.5 22.6 127.8 1.68 0.097
50 to 99 1,606 17.7 17.6 10.4 14.9 24.5 146.8 1.61 0.091
100 or more 3,977 19.7 16.7 10.4 14.5 20.9 377.5 1.87 0.095
Food preparation or serving areas
in non-food service buildings
(more than one may apply)		                  
Snack bar or concession stand 1,246 19.3 18.6 9.5 18.8 42.3 118.5 1.83 0.095
Fast food or small restaurant 1,294 22.9 20.5 16.7 24.6 41.5 122.5 2.17 0.095
Cafeteria or large restaurant 2,006 17.1 14.8 7.3 12.0 20.2 189.4 1.62 0.094
Commercial kitchen/
food preparation area		 1,034 18.1 19.0 5.2 10.7 21.3 96.4 1.69 0.093
Small kitchen area 276 14.5 14.9 3.2 6.7 14.9 26.8 1.40 0.097
Separate computer areas
(more than one may apply)		                  
Data center or server farm 2,471 21.5 13.2 10.5 17.1 26.4 235.2 2.04 0.095
Computer-based training room 1,229 16.9 13.5 7.5 13.5 21.5 116.2 1.60 0.095
Student or public computer center 851 14.1 16.2 6.6 10.7 15.5 78.7 1.31 0.093
HVAC conservation features
(more than one may apply)		                  
Economizer cycle 897 17.5 15.2 6.8 12.9 21.6 85.4 1.67 0.095
Regular HVAC maintenance 349 16.0 14.2 5.4 10.8 20.4 33.8 1.55 0.097
Building automation system (BAS)2 858 18.1 15.8 7.2 12.9 20.9 81.7 1.72 0.095
Window and interior lighting
features (more than one may
apply)		                  
Multipaned windows 314 15.6 14.9 4.6 9.6 18.4 30.1 1.49 0.096
Tinted window glass 390 16.2 14.1 5.2 10.8 20.7 37.4 1.55 0.096
Reflective window glass 553 19.0 15.8 5.3 11.3 20.8 52.6 1.81 0.095
External overhangs or awnings 298 17.1 16.3 5.4 11.4 22.0 28.6 1.65 0.096
Skylights or atriums 570 15.0 15.1 4.4 9.0 16.4 54.9 1.45 0.096
Light scheduling 590 17.9 15.5 6.7 12.9 22.8 57.8 1.75 0.098
Occupancy sensors 749 17.0 14.9 6.3 13.2 22.5 72.4 1.64 0.097
Multi-level lighting or dimming 780 18.7 16.9 7.5 14.9 25.6 75.5 1.81 0.097
Daylight harvesting 869 17.8 14.2 3.9 10.0 20.0 84.3 1.73 0.097
Demand responsive lighting 453 16.8 16.3 4.9 12.3 21.0 47.5 1.77 0.105
Building automation system (BAS) for lighting2 1,148 19.8 18.1 10.3 16.3 25.6 110.6 1.91 0.096
Equipment usage reduced when
building not in full use
(more than one may apply)		                  
Heating 242 14.1 13.0 4.3 9.0 16.9 24.0 1.40 0.099
Cooling 257 14.4 13.2 4.7 9.5 17.8 25.5 1.44 0.100
Lighting 239 14.5 13.6 4.3 9.1 17.3 23.5 1.42 0.098
Annual consumption
(kilowatthours)		                  
10,000 or less 5 1.3 2.4 0.7 1.6 3.0 0.7 0.19 0.142
10,001 to 50,000 27 4.8 5.5 3.6 6.1 9.9 3.2 0.58 0.122
50,001 to 100,000 72 8.2 8.2 7.3 11.9 19.8 8.0 0.91 0.111
100,001 to 500,000 224 13.3 13.2 10.3 17.6 36.7 23.3 1.38 0.104
500,001 to 1,000,000 692 16.4 14.5 11.9 19.2 40.3 67.3 1.59 0.097
1,000,001 to 5,000,000 2,012 18.3 18.6 14.1 19.6 33.1 190.4 1.73 0.095
Over 5,000,000 10,676 25.9 18.0 19.0 26.8 39.5 963.6 2.34 0.090
                   
1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).
Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
N = No cases in reporting sample.
Notes: • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See the Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definitions of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/ • Site electricity is the amount of electricity delivered to commercial builidngs. Primary electricity, which is not included in the Total of major fuelscategory, is site electricity plus the conversion losses in the generation, transmission, and distribution processes. • Statistics for the Energy end uses category represent total consumption in buildings that have the end use, not consumption specifically for that particular end use. • HVAC = Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-871A and E of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.