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Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients

 Release Date: September 18, 2024  |   XLSX   |   Methodology

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients by Fuel
  Pounds CO2 Kilograms CO2 Pounds CO2 Kilograms CO2
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Factors: Per Unit of Volume or Mass Per Unit of Volume or Mass Per Million Btu Per Million Btu
For homes and businesses
Propane 12.68 gallon 5.75 gallon 138.63 62.88
Diesel and Home Heating Fuel (Distillate Fuel Oil) 22.45 gallon 10.19 gallon 163.45 74.14
Kerosene 21.78 gallon 9.88 gallon 161.35 73.19
Coal (All types) 3,826.88 short ton 1,735.85 short ton 211.63 95.99
Natural Gas 120.85 thousand cubic feet 54.81 thousand cubic feet 116.65 52.91
Finished Motor Gasoline 18.73 gallon 8.49 gallon 155.77 70.66
Motor Gasolinea 20.86 gallon 9.46 gallon 167.79 76.11
Residual Heating Fuel (Businesses only) 24.78 gallon 11.24 gallon 165.55 75.09
Other transportation fuels
Jet Fuel 21.50 gallon 9.75 gallon 159.25 72.23
Aviation Gas 18.32 gallon 8.31 gallon 152.46 69.15
Industrial fuels and others not listed above
Petroleum coke 33.04 gallon 14.99 gallon 225.13 102.12
Nonfuel uses
Asphalt and Road Oil 26.25 gallon 11.91 gallon 166.12 75.35
Lubricants 23.58 gallon 10.70 gallon 163.29 74.07
Naphthas for Petrochemical Feedstock Use 18.74 gallon 8.50 gallon 149.95 68.02
Other Oils for Petrochemical Feedstock Use 22.61 gallon 10.26 gallon 163.05 73.96
Special Naphthas (solvents) 19.94 gallon 9.04 gallon 159.57 72.38
Waxes 21.10 gallon 9.57 gallon 160.06 72.60
Coals by type
Anthracite 5,735.68 short ton 2,601.67 short ton 228.60 103.69
Bituminous 5,124.76 short ton 2,324.56 short ton 205.57 93.24
Subbituminous 3,693.82 short ton 1,675.49 short ton 214.13 97.13
Lignite 3,078.46 short ton 1,396.37 short ton 216.64 98.27
Coke 7,184.22 short ton 3,258.71 short ton 250.59 113.67
Other fuels
Geothermal (steam) NA NA 26.03 11.81
Geothermal (binary cycle) NA NA 0.00 0.00
Municipal solid wasteb,c 1,563.67 short ton 709.27 short ton 109.98 49.89
Tire-derived fuelb 5,306.87 short ton 2,407.16 short ton 189.53 85.97
Waste oilb 22.51 gallon 10.21 gallon 163.14 74.00

Data source: Carbon factors provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2022, Tables A-20, A-25, A-32, and A-226
aExcludes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. The fuel ethanol component of finished motor gasoline is treated as nonemissive. See methodology documentation for further details on calculations.
bCarbon factors for municipal solid waste, tire-derived fuel, and waste oil are provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factor Hub
cThe carbon factor for municipal solid waste has been adjusted to apply both to biogenic and non-biogenic waste
Note: To convert to carbon equivalents multiply by 12/44.
Coefficients may vary slightly with estimation method and across time.
Coefficients are based on data from 2022. EIA uses these coefficients for estimating 2023, and more recent, energy-related CO2 emissions.

Voluntary Reporting Program emissions factors (discontinued)

Detailed factors