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Table CT6. Industrial sector energy consumption estimates, 1960-2022, United States

Table CT6. Industrial sector energy consumption estimates, 1960-2022, United States






Year


Coal		 Net
imports
of coal
coke

Natural
gas a		 Petroleum
Hydro-
electric
power e,f		 Biomass




Geo-
thermal f


Solar f,i


Electricity j




End
use f,k


Electrical
system
energy
losses l





Total f,k
Distillate
fuel oil
HGL b		 Motor
gasoline c		 Residual
fuel oil
Other d
Total


Wood and
waste f,g

Losses
and co-
products h

Million short tons		 Billion
cubic feet
Million barrels		 Billion
kWh		 Billion
kWh
1960 177 (s) 5,771 174 122 73 252 370 991 4 – – – – – – NA 324 – – – – – –
1961 170 (s) 5,961 175 126 69 242 381 993 3 – – – – – – NA 337 – – – – – –
1962 172 (s) 6,233 183 137 70 244 402 1,037 3 – – – – – – NA 360 – – – – – –
1963 180 (s) 6,545 181 149 67 244 440 1,081 3 – – – – – – NA 377 – – – – – –
1964 192 (s) 6,893 184 164 65 248 482 1,143 3 – – – – – – NA 405 – – – – – –
1965 201 -1 7,112 197 172 65 252 499 1,185 3 – – – – – – NA 429 – – – – – –
1966 205 -1 7,546 210 179 61 259 533 1,242 3 – – – – – – NA 464 – – – – – –
1967 195 -1 7,794 212 186 58 253 544 1,253 3 – – – – – – NA 485 – – – – – –
1968 192 -1 8,367 210 214 58 250 577 1,309 3 – – – – – – NA 521 – – – – – –
1969 187 -1 8,956 214 251 56 254 598 1,374 3 – – – – – – NA 559 – – – – – –
1970 187 -2 9,249 211 255 55 258 611 1,390 3 – – – – – – NA 571 – – – – – –
1971 159 -1 9,594 217 261 52 257 615 1,403 3 – – – – – – NA 589 – – – – – –
1972 161 -1 9,624 237 310 48 280 659 1,534 3 – – – – – – NA 641 – – – – – –
1973 162 (s) 10,185 252 331 49 295 708 1,635 3 – – – – – – NA 686 – – – – – –
1974 155 2 9,769 231 335 45 275 684 1,570 3 – – – – – – NA 685 – – – – – –
1975 147 1 8,365 230 315 43 240 647 1,474 3 – – – – – – NA 688 – – – – – –
1976 146 (s) 8,598 263 329 40 290 707 1,628 3 – – – – – – NA 754 – – – – – –
1977 139 1 8,474 295 335 37 308 784 1,760 3 – – – – – – NA 786 – – – – – –
1978 134 5 8,405 300 336 34 273 833 1,777 3 – – – – – – NA 809 – – – – – –
1979 145 3 8,398 303 488 31 263 865 1,950 3 – – – – – – NA 842 – – – – – –
1980 127 -1 8,198 227 473 30 215 827 1,772 3 – – – – – – NA 815 – – – – – –
1981 128 -1 8,055 238 468 30 172 651 1,560 3 – – – – – – NA 826 – – – – – –
1982 105 -1 6,941 225 479 26 166 584 1,481 3 – – – – – – NA 745 – – – – – –
1983 103 -1 6,621 196 436 21 126 628 1,407 3 – – – – – – NA 776 – – – – – –
1984 118 (s) 7,231 207 517 30 141 638 1,534 3 – – – – – – NA 838 – – – – – –
1985 116 -1 6,867 192 514 41 119 617 1,484 3 – – – – – – NA 837 – – – – – –
1986 111 -1 6,502 199 483 39 117 653 1,492 3 – – – – – – NA 831 – – – – – –
1987 112 (s) 7,103 196 517 39 93 692 1,537 3 – – – – – – NA 858 – – – – – –
1988 118 2 7,479 194 530 37 87 743 1,591 3 – – – – – – NA 896 – – – – – –
1989 117 1 7,886 196 519 38 65 734 1,552 3 – – – – – – NA 926 – – – – – –
1990 115 (s) 8,255 198 498 35 65 775 1,571 3 – – – – – – NA 946 – – – – – –
1991 109 (s) 8,360 185 548 37 53 717 1,540 3 – – – – – – (s) 947 – – – – – –
1992 106 1 8,698 190 583 37 62 783 1,655 3 – – – – – – (s) 973 – – – – – –
1993 106 1 8,872 192 570 34 71 754 1,620 3 – – – – – – (s) 977 – – – – – –
1994 107 2 8,913 191 623 37 67 787 1,704 6 – – – – – – (s) 1,008 – – – – – –
1995 106 2 9,384 194 631 38 54 760 1,677 5 – – – – – – (s) 1,013 – – – – – –
1996 103 1 9,685 204 655 38 53 813 1,764 6 – – – – – – (s) 1,034 – – – – – –
1997 102 2 9,714 207 661 41 46 853 1,808 6 – – – – – – (s) 1,038 – – – – – –
1998 96 3 9,493 208 630 38 37 855 1,768 5 – – – – – – (s) 1,051 – – – – – –
1999 93 2 9,158 204 703 29 33 869 1,838 5 – – – – – – (s) 1,058 – – – – – –
2000 94 3 9,293 206 704 29 38 818 1,795 4 – – – – – – (s) 1,064 – – – – – –
2001 91 1 8,463 223 625 57 32 848 1,786 3 – – – – – – (s) 997 – – – – – –
2002 84 2 8,640 207 657 59 30 847 1,801 4 – – – – – – (s) 990 – – – – – –
2003 86 2 8,273 201 617 62 35 880 1,795 4 – – – – – – (s) 1,012 – – – – – –
2004 86 6 8,354 208 651 71 40 941 1,911 3 – – – – – – (s) 1,018 – – – – – –
2005 84 2 7,713 217 608 68 45 924 1,862 3 – – – – – – (s) 1,019 – – – – – –
2006 82 2 7,669 217 624 72 38 944 1,895 3 – – – – – – (s) 1,011 – – – – – –
2007 79 1 7,881 217 636 59 31 902 1,845 2 – – – – – – (s) 1,028 – – – – – –
2008 76 2 7,890 233 553 48 31 804 1,669 2 – – – – – – (s) 1,010 – – – – – –
2009 61 -1 7,443 186 590 47 21 716 1,559 2 – – – – – – (s) 917 – – – – – –
2010 70 (s) 8,112 200 650 51 19 726 1,646 2 – – – – – – (s) 971 – – – – – –
2011 68 (s) 8,317 214 655 50 21 711 1,652 2 – – – – – – (s) 991 – – – – – –
2012 64 (s) 8,622 220 700 50 11 688 1,669 2 – – – – – – 1 986 – – – – – –
2013 65 -1 8,909 219 751 52 8 694 1,724 3 – – – – – – 1 985 – – – – – –
2014 64 -1 9,158 237 720 42 6 667 1,672 1 – – – – – – 1 998 – – – – – –
2015 58 -1 9,098 203 773 51 5 678 1,710 1 – – – – – – 1 987 – – – – – –
2016 51 -1 9,274 200 776 52 8 685 1,722 [R ] 1 – – – – – – 2 977 – – – – – –
2017 51 -1 9,526 209 807 52 8 696 [R ] 1,771 1 – – – – – – 2 984 – – – – – –
2018 50 -1 10,112 217 919 53 7 683 1,879 1 – – – – – – 3 1,001 – – – – – –
2019 47 -1 10,240 209 948 53 7 678 1,895 1 – – – – – – 3 1,002 – – – – – –
2020 40 -1 10,064 [R ] 185 998 53 5 632 1,874 1 – – – – – – 4 959 – – – – – –
2021 43 -2 10,225 [R ] 206 1,071 52 7 631 [R ] 1,967 [R ] 1 – – – – – – 4 1,001 – – – – – –
2022 42 -2 10,420 208 1,039 55 7 600 1,908 1 – – – – – – 4 1,020 – – – – – –
Trillion Btu
1960 4,548 -6 5,973 1,016 461 381 1,584 2,278 5,720 12 [R ] 680 NA NA NA 1,107 18,034 [R ] 2,233 [R ] 20,268 [R ]
1961 4,351 -8 6,170 1,018 476 364 1,520 2,347 5,725 11 [R ] 695 NA NA NA 1,149 18,094 [R ] 2,280 [R ] 20,373 [R ]
1962 4,393 -6 6,451 1,064 520 369 1,536 2,475 5,964 12 [R ] 728 NA NA NA 1,228 18,770 [R ] 2,392 [R ] 21,162 [R ]
1963 4,599 -7 6,764 1,055 565 354 1,532 2,687 6,192 11 [R ] 775 NA NA NA 1,288 19,622 [R ] 2,547 [R ] 22,170 [R ]
1964 4,923 -10 7,126 1,071 623 341 1,559 2,916 6,509 11 [R ] 827 NA NA NA 1,382 20,767 [R ] 2,720 [R ] 23,488 [R ]
1965 5,134 -18 7,350 1,150 650 342 1,582 3,026 6,750 11 [R ] 855 NA NA NA 1,463 21,545 [R ] 2,878 [R ] 24,424 [R ]
1966 5,224 -25 7,810 1,223 679 321 1,626 3,219 7,068 11 [R ] 902 NA NA NA 1,582 22,572 [R ] 3,180 [R ] 25,752 [R ]
1967 4,942 -15 8,064 1,234 705 303 1,590 3,277 7,109 12 [R ] 895 NA NA NA 1,655 22,661 [R ] 3,266 [R ] 25,928 [R ]
1968 4,867 -17 8,621 1,224 802 305 1,569 3,473 7,372 12 [R ] 982 NA NA NA 1,778 23,614 [R ] 3,568 [R ] 27,182 [R ]
1969 4,719 -36 9,220 1,247 932 295 1,594 3,604 7,672 11 [R ] 1,014 NA NA NA 1,909 24,509 [R ] 3,802 [R ] 28,311 [R ]
1970 4,664 -58 9,498 1,226 930 288 1,624 3,686 7,755 11 [R ] 1,019 NA NA NA 1,948 24,836 [R ] 3,992 [R ] 28,828 [R ]
1971 3,951 -33 9,851 1,266 948 275 1,618 3,716 7,823 11 [R ] 1,040 NA NA NA 2,011 24,654 [R ] 4,094 [R ] 28,748 [R ]
1972 3,996 -26 9,881 1,381 1,119 254 1,761 3,974 8,489 11 [R ] 1,113 NA NA NA 2,187 25,651 [R ] 4,471 [R ] 30,121 [R ]
1973 4,044 -7 10,452 1,469 1,192 255 1,858 4,277 9,051 11 [R ] 1,165 NA NA NA 2,341 27,057 [R ] 4,790 [R ] 31,847 [R ]
1974 3,855 56 10,022 1,346 1,207 235 1,728 4,124 8,640 11 [R ] 1,159 NA NA NA 2,337 26,080 [R ] 4,794 [R ] 30,874 [R ]
1975 3,658 14 8,571 1,339 1,126 223 1,509 3,895 8,092 11 [R ] 1,063 NA NA NA 2,346 23,754 [R ] 4,794 [R ] 28,549 [R ]
1976 3,642 (s) 8,804 1,530 1,161 211 1,822 4,230 8,953 11 [R ] 1,220 NA NA NA 2,573 25,203 [R ] 5,345 [R ] 30,548 [R ]
1977 3,443 15 8,685 1,719 1,161 196 1,937 4,691 9,705 11 [R ] 1,281 NA NA NA 2,682 25,822 [R ] 5,778 [R ] 31,599 [R ]
1978 3,302 125 8,604 1,750 1,158 178 1,716 4,989 9,790 10 [R ] 1,400 NA NA NA 2,761 25,993 [R ] 5,897 [R ] 31,890 [R ]
1979 3,583 63 8,584 1,764 1,756 162 1,655 5,164 10,501 11 [R ] 1,405 NA NA NA 2,873 27,019 [R ] 6,058 [R ] 33,077 [R ]
1980 3,155 -35 8,409 1,324 1,718 158 1,349 4,915 9,464 11 [R ] 1,600 NA NA NA 2,781 25,338 [R ] 5,921 [R ] 31,259 [R ]
1981 3,148 -16 8,280 1,389 1,678 160 1,081 3,909 8,216 11 [R ] 1,689 6 NA NA 2,817 24,095 [R ] 5,878 [R ] 29,973 [R ]
1982 2,544 -22 7,145 1,313 1,691 138 1,047 3,531 7,719 11 [R ] 1,634 16 NA NA 2,542 21,547 [R ] 5,221 [R ] 26,767 [R ]
1983 2,489 -16 6,831 1,142 1,502 112 791 3,786 7,334 11 [R ] 1,845 29 NA NA 2,648 21,131 [R ] 5,360 [R ] 26,492 [R ]
1984 2,843 -11 7,464 1,203 1,823 160 889 3,851 7,926 11 [R ] 1,883 35 NA NA 2,859 22,978 [R ] 5,672 [R ] 28,650 [R ]
1985 2,777 -13 7,096 1,119 1,813 218 748 3,759 7,656 11 [R ] 1,875 42 NA NA 2,855 22,260 [R ] 5,803 [R ] 28,063 [R ]
1986 2,646 -17 6,714 1,160 1,730 206 736 3,980 7,812 11 [R ] 1,866 48 NA NA 2,834 21,880 [R ] 5,614 [R ] 27,495 [R ]
1987 2,670 9 7,343 1,141 1,873 206 582 4,195 7,996 11 [R ] 1,858 55 NA NA 2,928 22,837 [R ] 5,844 [R ] 28,681 [R ]
1988 2,831 40 7,720 1,130 1,909 193 546 4,491 8,268 11 [R ] 1,933 55 NA NA 3,059 23,885 [R ] 6,213 [R ] 30,097 [R ]
1989 2,774 30 8,149 1,139 1,888 199 410 4,418 8,053 9 [R ] 1,784 56 2 (s) 3,158 23,982 [R ] 6,589 [R ] 30,571 [R ]
1990 2,754 5 8,520 1,150 1,781 185 411 4,672 8,200 10 [R ] 1,634 49 2 (s) 3,226 24,359 [R ] 6,603 [R ] 30,962 [R ]
1991 2,600 10 8,637 1,078 1,958 193 334 4,339 7,901 10 [R ] 1,595 56 2 (s) 3,230 24,003 [R ] 6,544 [R ] 30,547 [R ]
1992 2,512 35 8,996 1,107 2,098 194 387 4,709 8,495 10 [R ] 1,640 64 2 (s) 3,319 25,030 [R ] 6,800 [R ] 31,829 [R ]
1993 2,500 27 9,129 1,117 2,037 178 446 4,550 8,328 10 [R ] 1,666 74 2 (s) 3,334 25,028 [R ] 6,825 [R ] 31,852 [R ]
1994 2,507 58 9,202 1,110 2,251 192 419 4,743 8,715 21 [R ] 1,779 82 3 (s) 3,439 25,765 [R ] 7,032 [R ] 32,796 [R ]
1995 2,500 61 9,678 1,130 2,269 200 337 4,592 8,527 18 [R ] 1,847 86 3 (s) 3,455 26,136 [R ] 7,036 [R ] 33,172 [R ]
1996 2,438 23 9,999 1,186 2,344 200 335 4,890 8,954 20 [R ] 1,907 61 3 (s) 3,527 26,893 [R ] 7,144 [R ] 34,037 [R ]
1997 2,396 46 10,109 1,202 2,366 212 291 5,121 9,191 19 [R ] 1,915 80 3 (s) 3,542 27,264 [R ] 7,131 [R ] 34,396 [R ]
1998 2,254 67 9,882 1,210 2,249 199 230 5,132 9,021 18 [R ] 1,784 86 3 (s) 3,587 26,663 [R ] 7,320 [R ] 33,982 [R ]
1999 2,188 58 9,438 1,186 2,512 151 207 5,229 9,286 16 [R ] 1,791 90 4 (s) 3,611 26,444 [R ] 7,434 [R ] 33,878 [R ]
2000 2,259 65 9,550 1,199 2,498 150 241 4,914 9,001 14 [R ] 1,781 99 4 (s) 3,631 26,374 [R ] 7,568 [R ] 33,942 [R ]
2001 2,194 29 8,674 1,299 2,212 295 203 5,105 9,113 11 [R ] 1,571 108 5 (s) 3,400 25,073 [R ] 7,079 [R ] 32,152 [R ]
2002 2,020 61 8,865 1,203 2,313 308 190 5,084 9,099 13 [R ] 1,543 130 5 (s) 3,379 25,089 [R ] 7,006 [R ] 32,095 [R ]
2003 2,044 51 8,510 1,169 2,185 323 220 5,271 9,169 14 [R ] 1,511 168 3 (s) 3,454 24,899 [R ] 7,068 [R ] 31,967 [R ]
2004 2,046 138 8,573 1,213 2,292 371 249 5,636 9,761 11 [R ] 1,613 201 4 (s) 3,473 25,797 [R ] 7,156 [R ] 32,953 [R ]
2005 1,954 44 7,930 1,262 2,138 354 281 5,539 9,575 11 [R ] 1,604 227 4 (s) 3,477 24,804 [R ] 7,092 [R ] 31,896 [R ]
2006 1,914 61 7,881 1,258 2,171 374 239 5,661 9,703 10 [R ] 1,606 280 4 R (s) 3,451 24,884 [R ] 6,913 [R ] 31,797 [R ]
2007 1,864 25 8,098 1,256 2,207 302 193 5,415 9,373 5 [R ] 1,562 369 5 R (s) 3,507 24,782 [R ] 7,118 [R ] 31,901 [R ]
2008 1,792 41 8,103 1,348 1,904 245 194 4,823 8,514 6 [R ] 1,486 519 5 R (s) 3,444 23,884 [R ] 6,924 [R ] 30,807 [R ]
2009 1,394 -24 7,629 1,073 1,992 238 130 4,300 7,733 6 [R ] 1,336 603 4 1 [R ] 3,130 21,784 [R ] 6,090 [R ] 27,874 [R ]
2010 1,625 -6 8,302 1,153 2,207 260 120 4,360 8,099 6 [R ] 1,577 727 4 1 [R ] 3,314 23,619 [R ] 6,414 [R ] 30,034 [R ]
2011 1,567 11 8,502 1,235 2,172 254 135 4,275 8,071 6 [R ] 1,602 756 4 1 [R ] 3,382 23,874 [R ] 6,354 [R ] 30,228 [R ]
2012 1,516 4 8,823 1,270 2,351 252 70 4,138 8,081 8 [R ] 1,621 711 4 2 [R ] 3,363 24,103 [R ] 6,220 [R ] 30,324 [R ]
2013 1,547 -17 9,131 1,264 2,545 263 48 4,157 8,276 12 [R ] 1,676 714 4 3 [R ] 3,362 24,683 [R ] 6,135 [R ] 30,818 [R ]
2014 1,529 -22 9,450 1,364 2,409 210 41 4,010 8,033 4 [R ] 1,685 766 4 4 [R ] 3,404 24,832 [R ] 6,148 [R ] 30,980 [R ]
2015 1,380 -18 9,427 1,168 2,618 258 34 4,074 8,151 5 [R ] 1,666 791 4 5 [R ] 3,366 24,749 [R ] 5,899 [R ] 30,647 [R ]
2016 1,206 -19 9,610 1,154 2,592 262 52 4,198 [R ] 8,258 4 [R ] 1,648 821 4 7 [R ] 3,333 24,846 [R ] 5,693 [R ] 30,539 [R ]
2017 1,197 -29 9,863 1,202 2,673 264 50 4,254 [R ] 8,444 [R ] 5 [R ] 1,610 847 4 8 [R ] 3,358 25,274 [R ] 5,618 [R ] 30,892 [R ]
2018 1,178 -26 10,465 1,251 3,024 269 43 4,176 [R ] 8,764 [R ] 4 [R ] 1,597 855 4 9 [R ] 3,414 26,233 [R ] 5,592 [R ] 31,826 [R ]
2019 1,117 -21 10,607 1,203 3,139 267 41 4,151 8,801 4 [R ] 1,563 835 4 11 [R ] 3,420 26,312 [R ] 5,409 [R ] 31,721 [R ]
2020 939 -13 10,417 [R ] 1,065 3,252 269 32 3,874 8,493 3 [R ] 1,516 735 4 12 [R ] 3,272 25,349 [R ] 4,946 [R ] 30,295 [R ]
2021 1,037 -49 10,577 [R ] 1,185 3,519 264 46 3,884 [R ] 8,898 [R ] 3 [R ] 1,527 789 4 14 [R ] 3,414 26,184 [R ] 5,192 [R ] 31,376 [R ]
2022 986 -56 10,766 1,198 3,240 276 47 3,713 8,474 3 1,469 808 4 15 3,482 25,919 5,130 31,050
aIncludes supplemental gaseous fuels that are commingled with natural gas. jElectricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
bHydrocarbon gas liquids, include natural gas liquids and refinery olefins. kBeginning in 1980, adjusted for the double-counting of supplemental gaseous fuels, which are included in both natural gas and
the other fossil fuels from which they are mostly derived, but should be counted only once in End Use and Total. For 1981 through
1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline column. Beginning in 2009,
includes a small amount of wind energy consumed by industrial utility-scale facilities.
cBeginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014
and 2015 because of coverage. See Technical Notes, Section 4.		 lIncurred in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity plus plant use and unaccounted for electrical system
energy losses. Pre-1990 estimates are not comparable to those for later years. See Section 6 of Technical Notes for an
explanation of changes in methodology.
dIncludes asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petroleum coke, and the “other petroleum products” category. See
Technical Notes, Section 4.		 kWh = Kilowatthours. – – = Not applicable. NA = Not available.
eConventional hydroelectric power. For 1960 through 1989, includes hydroelectric pumped-storage, which cannot be separately
identified.		 Where shown, R = Revised data and (s) = Value less than +0.5 and greater than -0.5.
fThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of renewable energy sources
beginning in 1989.		 Notes: · Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. · The industrial sector includes industrial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. · The continuity of these data series estimates may be
affected by the changing data sources and estimation methodologies. See the Technical Notes for each type of energy.
gWood, wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Web Page: All data are available at https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php.
hLosses and co-products from the production of biodiesel and fuel ethanol. Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System. See Technical Notes.
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/
iSolar thermal and photovoltaic energy. Excludes a small amount of solar thermal energy consumed as heat that is included in
the residential sector.